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Fertilizers for Gardens

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As garden vegetables grow, they undergo an intensive process that strips nutrients from the soil. Adding fertilizer keeps soil in optimum shape to feed your garden. Choosing the right type of fertilizer and adding the right amount depends on the soil and the plants you're growing.

UNDERSTANDING PLANT NUTRITION

Nineteen elements are considered essential for plant growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are primarily supplied by air and water. Plant roots absorb the remaining 16 elements from the surrounding soil. These elements are divided into three groups based on their relative abundance in plants: Primary Nutrients (or Major Nutrients), Secondary Nutrients (or Minor Nutrients), and Trace Nutrients (or Micronutrients). Although the Major Nutrients are needed in the greatest quantities, a deficiency of any one nutrient can prevent plant growth, or reduce it to unsatisfactory levels. Even though some soils may already contain these nutrients, they may not be in a form available for plant growth. The best way to ensure that all of the nutrients are available in the soil is through regular applications of plant foods.

The table below provides more information on each nutrient, its deficiency symptoms, and possible plant foods to cure the deficiency.

PRIMARY NUTRIENTS FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS *SOLUTIONS
Nitrogen Vigorous growth & dark green color Light green leaves; stunted growth
Dried Blood, Garden Manure, Cottonseed Meal, Urea
Phosporus Root development & flowering
Smaller yields of seeds & fruit; purplish leaves, stems & branches; Rock Phosphate, Bone Meal, Single Super Phosphate, Triple Super Phosphate
Potassium Overall hardiness & disease resistance Reduced yields; Spotted or curled leaves; Weak root system Muriate of Potash, Greensand
SECONDARY NUTRIENTS FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS *SOLUTIONS
Calcium Plant vigor; Aids in uptake of nutrients Deformed terminal leaves; Poor root growth Garden Lime, Garden
Gypsum
Magnesium Essential part of chlorophyll Yellowing of older leaves Garden Lime
Magnesium Dark green color; Seed production Yellow leaves; Stunted,
spindly plants
Garden Sulfur, Gypsum
TRACE NUTRIENTS FUNCTION DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS *SOLUTIONS
Boron Increases flowering
& fruit development
Terminal buds die; Less
flowers & fruit develop
Garden Manure, Bone Meal
Chlorine Helps control water loss & moisture stress
Plants wilt; yellow leaves Garden Manure, Greensand
Cobalt Improves growth &
transpiration
Reduced growth and
yellowing of foliage
Greensand, Kelp, Cottonseed Meal
Copper Helps produce chlorophyll Yellow, wilted leaves;
Lack of flowering
Garden Manure,
Greensand
Iron Promotes dark green
leaves
Yellow leaves Greensand, Garden
Manure, Cottonseed Meal
Manganese Helps produce chlorophyll Intervenous chlorosis in
younger leaves
Garden Manure, Greensand
Molybdenum Essential in some enzyme systems Pale green, rolled or cupped leaves Greensand, Lime (makes it more available)
Nickel Enzyme Producton Yellow Leaves Greensand
Sodium Aids water regulation & photosynthesis Plants wilt Kelp, Garden Manure,
Bone Meal, Greensand
Zinc Enzyme & growth
hormone production
Yellow leaves, Rosetted
(clustered) leaves
Garden Manure, Greensand, Cottonseed
Meal

Guide for fertilizing plants and shrubs in your garden


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